Structuralism

The days of yore :

In the distant past during which the field of psychology was not developed as a social science, the content matter pertaining to the subject had been discussed under philosopy.Aristotle has described mind as a function of bodily process.Hippocrates, the father of medicine has explained mental diseases as a result of brain pathology.In 1590 Rudolf Geol.for the first time has used the word – psychology.According to him psychology means the study of soul.psyche a Latin word means soul or Spirit.Logos means study or Knowledge.William James in 1890 has used the term mind in place of soul and defined psychology as the study of human mind.



Structuralism

However,psycology developed in Germany in the late nineteenth centuary with Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) the father of psycology.Wundt was the first person to call himself  psycologist. "principles of physiological psycology" the first text book of psycology was written by him.He was the person who established the first "Psycological Laboratery" at the Leipzig University in Germany.Wundt Seperated psycology from philosophy and directed his studies towards the "building blocks" of the mind.The model of psycology which he developed was known as "Structuralism".This focused on the fundamental elements that form the foundations of thinking,consciousness,emotions and other kinds of mental activities".

The procedure wundt used to study the structure of mind is called Introspection and in which the subjects (individuals) were asked to describe in detail what they were experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus. "people were presented with a stimulus such as bright green object or a Sentence print on a card and asked to described in their own woards and as much details as they could manage,what they were experiencing as they were exposed to it".

Wundt agued that psycologist should understand the structure of mind through what is reported by people who were Exposed to the stimuli.However there were critisms levelled against the Structuralism by asking how you could assume that interospection could unlock the fundamental elements of mind.Is it possible for the individuals to describe inner experiences such emotional reactions?Critics said that introspection was not a scientific technique too.However ,Important remnants of Structuralism still exist.It seems there is a resurgence of interest in people's descriptions of their inner experience.Also cognitive psycologist interested on Higher Mental Processes such as thinking,memory and problem solving have developed innovative techniques for understanding peoples conscious experience that overcome many difficulties inherent in introspection.



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