Definitions and Terminology

A Drug

drug is defined as any chemical (substance) that can affect living processes (lehne , 2007)

Pharmacology 

Pharmacology is defined as the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems.(Lehne , 2007)

Clinical Pharmacology

Clinical Pharmacology is defined as the study of drugs in humans.It gives data,about indications,the potency ,doses and toxicity of drugs,for their safe clinical use.(Lehne , 2007)

Therapeutics

Therapeutics also known as pharmachotherapeutics is defined as the use of drugs to diagnose,prevents,or treats disease or to prevent pregnancy.alternatively therapeutics can be defined simply as the medical use of drugs.(Lehne , 2007)

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics is the study of how drugs are Absorbed , Distributed , Metabolized and Excreated (ADME) from the body.

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics is the therapeutic effect or action of drugs and their mechanism of action at molecular , cellular and organ levels in the body.

Pharmacy

Pharmacy is the science of compounding and dispensting drugs and preparing suitable dosage forms for administration.It encompasses the study of identification, collection , isolation , purification , synthesis , quality control and standardization of medicinal products and substances.

Pharmaceutics

Pharmaceutics is the technolegical science of manufacturing drug in large scale.

Pharmacogenetics

Pharmacogenetics examines the effects of generic factors to variations in the drug response.

Toxicology

Toxicology studies the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems.(Include poisons , antidotes and unwanted side effects of drugs)

Prophylactic

Prophylactic refers to a drug or proce dure aimed to prevent disease.

Palliative

Palliative refers to a drug or procedure aimed to relieve symptoms.

Therapeutic

Therapeutic refers to a drug or procedure aimed to cure disease.

Tolerance

Tolerance is the increased resistance to the usual effects of an established dose of a particular drug.

Efficacy

Efficacy refers to the inherent capability of a drug to produce a desired effect.

Potency

Potency compares the relative effectiveness of drugs to produce a desired effect.

Eg -: Drug A requires fewer milligrams than Drug B to achieve the same pharmacological response.

        Drug A has the higher potency , yet , both drugs have the same efficacy.

Pharmacopoeia

Most countries publish an official , code containing a selected list of established drugs and preparations with a description of their physical properties , purity and potency.

Eg -: BP - British Pharmacopoeia

        USP - United States Pharmacopoeia

        EuP – European Pharmacopoeia

Most manufactures make Pharmacutical products according to the standards set out in one of the established and accepted Pharmacopoeia.

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